Castração em cães e gatos: análise dos benefícios e riscos para a saúde animal

Abstract

Introduction: The castration of dogs and cats is a common procedure in veterinary medicine, with a direct impact on animal health and the control of domestic species populations. This procedure provides important benefits, such as the prevention of reproductive diseases and the reduction of undesirable behaviors, but it also carries risks that require careful evaluation both before and after the surgery. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the most commonly used castration techniques in dogs and cats, addressing the benefits and risks to the animals' health, with an emphasis on the importance of preoperative diagnosis and postoperative care. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted based on scientific articles, specialized books, and recent publications in the veterinary field. The analysis included technical, clinical, and ethical aspects of the procedure, considering technological advancements and recommended best practices. Results: The castration techniques evaluated demonstrated effectiveness in preventing diseases such as pyometra and prostatic hyperplasia, in addition to contributing to the reduction of animal overpopulation. However, risks such as anesthetic complications and postoperative infections were also observed, reinforcing the importance of rigorous protocols and postoperative monitoring. Effective communication between veterinarians and pet owners was identified as a key factor for the success of the procedure. Conclusion: Castration is an essential practice for both animal welfare and population control. The adoption of evidence-based approaches and adherence to appropriate protocols minimizes risks and maximizes benefits, aligning veterinary practice with ethical principles and public health.