Desafios da alimentação e nutrição em adolescentes com anorexia: revisão da literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In individuals aged 10 to 19, aesthetic standards imposed by the media and society directly influence eating habits. These standards can favor the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, which compromises health and causes nutritional deficiencies. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risks and disturbances that anorexia nervosa can cause in the eating patterns of adolescents. METHODOLOGY: An integrative review of quantitative and qualitative studies from the last 5 years was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases, applying filters for language (Portuguese and English), year of publication (2020–2024), and only original articles. Reviews and studies outside the topic will be excluded. RESULTS: The diet and nutrition of adolescents with anorexia certainly presents challenges, as it is a disease that affects eating behavior. It is noted that most cases of anorexia nervosa occur in female adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19. It was observed that in most cases, the media influences people, which in turn leads them to believe in certain aesthetic standards. Therefore, we can say that adolescents need an appropriate eating plan to ensure they have access to good nutrition and receive all the necessary nutrients, without difficulties and with excellent results. CONCLUSION: Nutrition is a key ally in the treatment of eating disorders, as the main characteristic of anorexia nervosa is excessive dietary restriction. It can be concluded that these patients have vitamin and mineral deficiencies, metabolic and emotional disorders, low body weight, and impaired eating behavior. Multidisciplinary treatment in these cases is essential, as this is a high-risk disease.