Efeitos da gonadectomiaem cadelas: uma análise bibliométrica e revisão de escopo

Abstract

Spaying in female dogs, also known as gonadectomy, is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in veterinary medicine and is widely used for population control and prevention of reproductive diseases. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production regarding the effects of gonadectomy in female dogs through a bibliometric analysis combined with a scoping review, in order to understand its clinical, physiological, metabolic, and behavioral impacts. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the PubMed database without time restriction, employing descriptors related to spaying and its effects in female dogs. Subsequently, a scoping review was carried out according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, resulting in the inclusion of 27 studies. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in scientific publications over recent decades, especially from the United States, Brazil, and Australia. Among the main benefits of spaying were the prevention of pyometra and mammary neoplasms. However, associations with weight gain, metabolic alterations, orthopedic disorders, urinary incontinence, and behavioral changes were also identified, particularly in cases of early spaying. It is concluded that the effects of gonadectomy in female dogs are multifactorial and should be assessed individually, considering factors such as age, breed, body size, and environmental conditions to ensure greater welfare and quality of life for the animals.