Análise comparativa entre a glicemia laboratorial e o teste rápido de glicose

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known as a group of metabolic disorders. This group is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from a disfiguration of insulin action and/or insulin secretion. A precise diagnosis of DM is fundamentally important to allow the adoption of appropriate therapeutic portions and to gain control of the blood glucose. The criteria to diagnose and to control DM are based on lab tests named fasting blood glucose and rapid blood capillary blood glucose. OBJECTIVE: To analyze a comparison between two tests used for diagnosis and continuing follow up of diabetes: the laboratory examination of glucose using venous blood and rapid test using the portable blood glucose meter using capillary blood. METHODS: For this study, 50 blood samples were collected from participants with 8-hour fasting, and laboratory tests were performed using an enzyme called glucose oxidase (Doles) and capillary glycemic using the Accu-Chek Active device (Roche). Patients answered a questionnaire with information about how they live their lives, habits and health conditions. Graphs and some numbers were discovered using Microsoft Excel® software. We have got some averages, standard deviations, variations, correlation coefficient (Pearson) and some p value were calculated. RESULTS: The average age of 50 patients was 23,56 years, being 74% female and 26% male. It was noticed that 34% of participants had knowledge related to DM, only 2% reported being diabetic and 34% reported taking any medication. The glycemic results got by the lab method through venous blood presented an average of 96,48 mg / dL with a standard deviation of 48,03, and the results verified by the capillary blood glucose meter, average 94,88 mg / dL with standard deviation of 46,67 mg / dL. The variance between the methods was 1,28%, which makes the result acceptable by the current regulatory agencies. In the comparative analysis, there was a positive correlation between the variables (r = 0,996). At the end, the p-value (p <0,01) was obtained, and there was statistical difference between the methods. CONCLUSION: Essentially, patients must control diabetes to prevent all the main complications of this disease. Laboratory glycemia is the golden standard (the best one) for diagnosing Diabetes showing more accuracy. The use of the glucometer is undoubtedly fundamental in the control of diabetes, it’s not a very expensive tool and it is very useful too. It is used to measure the blood glucose levels quickly, presenting reliable values when the device is used correctly.