Epidemiologia da tuberculose: incidência da doença na microrregião de Goiânia no período de 2019 a 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease and for centuries it was considered a disease that affected people who lived in social immorality. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), described by Robert Koch, a German bacteriologist, in 1882 and for this reason it is also called Koch's bacillus. Brazil is among the 22 countries responsible for 80% of tuberculosis cases in the world. It is estimated that there is a prevalence of 50 million infected people, with approximately 110,000 new cases and 6,000 deaths per year. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile and which factors influence the incidence of Tuberculosis in the Microregion of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, from 2019 to 2023. METHODOLOGY: This is a quantitative epidemiological study, carried out from data collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of the SUS Information Technology Department, and its analysis was conducted using statistical methods related to Tuberculosis (ICD A16). RESULTS: Between 2019 and 2023, we had a total of 3,406 (100%) confirmed cases of Tuberculosis officially notified in the Microregion of Goiânia -Goiás. Among the cities in the Goiânia microregion with the highest number of reported cases are: Goiânia with 2,021 (59.34%) cases, followed by Aparecida de Goiânia with 862 (25.31%) cases, Trindade with 161 (4.73%) cases, Senador Canedo with 153 (4.49%) and Goianira with 85 (2.50%) reported cases. DISCUSSION: The consequences of tuberculosis can significantly impact the lives of affected individuals, and physical and mental well-being can suffer complications, therefore, public policies and ways to reduce the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are necessary. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that further studies be carried out to implement measures to reduce Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection rates. Case analysis is essential to identify gaps and fill them in order to reduce tuberculosis cases and bring impactful campaigns and create more effective health policies.