Reações imunológicas à COVID-19: uma revisão sobre os efeitos da infecção do SARS-COV-2 ao sistema imune humano

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an unprecedented event that has shaken the world since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in 2019. This highly contagious virus can cause severe symptoms in people of all ages. The human body's immune response to COVID-19 is complex and varies from person to person, involving the production of antibodies and the role of immune cells. Understanding these immune responses is crucial for the development of more effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive review of the immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 is essential to contribute to the accumulated scientific knowledge on viral immunology and provide valuable insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the human immune system. We aim to understand how the human body responds to the virus infection and identify the key factors influencing this immune response. METHODOLOGY: To achieve these objectives, a comprehensive review of the available scientific literature on the immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 was conducted. The methodology involved bibliographic research techniques, including the search for relevant scientific articles in specialized databases. RESULTS: The review of the literature identified several aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. These include the occurrence of a cytokine storm, the decrease in circulating NK cells, the excessive activation of the complement system, and the production of specific antibodies. CONCLUSION: The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 involves the participation of different components of the immune system. Factors such as age and comorbidities have been identified as influencers of the immune response. The production of antibodies has been highlighted as an important defense mechanism against the virus. The review also emphasizes

the importance of developing prevention, treatment, and control strategies for COVID- 19 based on knowledge of immune reactions.