Ácido úrico como fator de risco para cardiopatias

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and in Brazil are one of the causes of more prevalent deaths, corresponding to 29.4% of all deaths recorded in a year. Data from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology point to abnormalities in serum total cholesterol levels in 42% of Brazilian adults. Uric acid is the last product of purine catabolism (adenine and guanine) mainly metabolized in the liver from xanthine and excreted by the kidneys and is used as a marker of various metabolic and hemodynamic irregularities. The clinical importance of purines resides, fundamentally, in disorders characterized by increased serum uric acid levels. Current studies have shown the association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease, gout, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and, more recently, the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to verify the association of uric acid levels with heart diseases in patients of a certain micro area of the city of Goiânia. The study addressed a field study in a qualitative and quantitative, randomized study that analyzed serum levels of uric acid, lipid profile (lipidogram) and creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) in a male population living in a region served by a PSF (Family Health Program) in Goiânia, GO. Among the 43 participants, 9 (21.9%) presented hyperuricemia, 34 (79.0%) dyslipidemias, 2 (4.6%) Metabolic Syndrome (SM) and 34 (79.0%) Pre-SM. The CK-MB dosages were within normal limits, since none of the participants had undergone strenuous physical exercises or had any episode of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prior to the time of collection. Uric acid becomes an important risk factor when associated with the metabolic syndrome, since in this study a significant result was observed in relation to dyslipidemia. Additional studies should be performed to better understand the issue, since knowing the prevalence of risk factors and assessing the overall risk of developing CVDs are indispensable for the effective prevention and definition of therapeutic goals, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits.