Câncer de mama masculino: a obscuridade da doençano sistema de saúde no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer affects both women and men, but among men the incidence and prevalence are lower in women. The main changes that men usually observe in the early stages of the disease are: edema of the breasts; appearance of nodules that usually do not cause pain, withdrawn nipple, wrinkling of breast skin and red nipple region or flaking. The risk factors for the development of male breast cancer may be age and family history of breast cancer, according to the scientific literature. Objective: The objective of this study is to know and analyze public policies on male breast cancer in Brazil, as well as to know the following: Prevention, diagnosis, treatment and risk factors associated with breast cancer in men. Method: The present study consists of an exploratory and descriptive study carried out through a review of the literature with survey of publications indexed in database such as Scielo, Lilacs, Google academic and Medline. As inclusion criteria, the publications between the years 2010 to 2018 in the English and Portuguese languages were considered. For the search of articles, the following descriptors were used: Male Breast Cancer, Men's Health and Policies. Results: As a treatment against breast cancer, when diagnosed at the beginning, it is most appropriate to have surgery to remove all affected tissue. In advanced cases of the disease it is not recommended to remove all cancer cells due to the degree of disease progression. There are other forms of treatments such as: chemotherapy and hormone replacement therapy among others. Through the implantation of the policies directed to the health of the man must be involved modifications of references so that they are promoted care directed to the health of this population. These policies have as their main objective, to promote the improvement of the health status of men, thus collaborating to reduce male mortality rates. Public policies should be considered important because most of the men seek health services only when the disease is already advanced, thus, the need to create mechanisms for strengthening and qualifying primary health care throughout the country. Conclusion: In the analysis of women, men are less likely to have a habit of investigating their health. It is of great importance to understand the sociocultural and institutional barriers, thus, being able to safeguard prevention and health promotion as indispensable axes, which transforms health policies of great importance in the context of men's health.