Urolitíase canina: relato de caso e abordagem terapêutica em uma cadela

Abstract

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a common condition in dogs, characterized by the formation of uroliths, especially calcium oxalate and struvite. Various predisposing factors, such as genetics, diet, urinary infections, and anatomical changes, contribute to the formation of these stones. Clinical signs vary depending on the location and size of the uroliths, and may include hematuria, pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria, and urinary incontinence, in addition to complications such as urinary infections and urethral obstruction. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging, while treatment may be medical or surgical, depending on the characteristics of the stones. Methodology: A 9-year-old Schnauzer was seen with clinical signs of hematuria and dysuria. The anamnesis revealed a history of uroliths in the dog's mother. Examinations such as ultrasonography and laboratory tests were performed, leading to the indication for Percutaneous Cystolithotomy (PCCL). The anesthetic protocol included ketamine, methadone, lidocaine, and propofol. Surgery was performed using video laparoscopy, allowing for a postoperative recovery with less pain and complications. Discussion: Urolithiasis is prevalent in small breeds such as Schnauzers and may be aggravated by factors such as neutering. The clinical signs observed in the dog were consistent with the characteristics described in the literature, such as hematuria and dysuria. Ultrasonography confirmed the presence of uroliths, and percutaneous cystolithotomy was chosen due to its advantages, such as less invasiveness and faster recovery. The anesthetic protocol was effective, considering its analgesic properties and suitability for the procedure. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of urolithiasis in dogs, with an emphasis on the minimally invasive technique of Percutaneous Cystolithotomy. The dog responded well to treatment, with satisfactory recovery after surgery. Continuous clinical follow-up and guidance for the owner are essential to prevent recurrence and promote the animal's urinary health.