Síndrome da disfunção cognitiva em cães: Alzheimer canino e os desafios do diagnóstico e tratamento

Abstract

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly dogs and is often compared to Alzheimer’s disease in humans. With the increased life expectancy of animals, resulting from improved care, nutrition, and veterinary assistance, there has been a higher incidence of age-related cognitive changes.

CCDS is characterized by progressive behavioral changes, including disorientation, altered social interactions, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, loss of house-training, and changes in activity and anxiety levels. These signs are often mistaken for normal aging, which makes early diagnosis difficult.

Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical and behavioral evaluation and may be supported by imaging tests such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Although there is no curative treatment, management aims to slow disease progression and improve the animal’s quality of life through medication, environmental enrichment, and proper care.

In conclusion, CCDS is a relevant condition in small animal practice, requiring greater awareness among veterinarians and pet owners for early diagnosis and appropriate management, ensuring better welfare for aging dogs.