Atividade física e preservação da independência nas atividades de vida diária em idosos: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Objective: To analyze, based on recent scientific literature, how regular physical exercise contributes to functional autonomy, performance, and preservation of independence in older adults' activities of daily living (ADLs). Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted using the LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO databases. Original articles in Portuguese, published between January 2018 and January 2025, correlating physical exercise and autonomy in senescence were included. Grey literature and duplicates were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 9 selected studies. Results: There is theoretical consensus that regular and systematic physical exercise is the main factor for maintaining ADLs and preventing functional decline. Combined training programs (strength and stretching) showed superior results for physical fitness compared to isolated practices. Comorbidities and depressive symptoms accelerate dependence in old age. Conversely, physical interventions have a positive effect on psychosocial domains, mitigating isolation and depressive symptoms, promoting social support and mental well-being. Conclusion: Planned, consistent physical activities with varied stimuli are crucial for preserving the functional autonomy of older adults. The risks of dependency generated by chronic diseases decrease significantly with regular training and professional guidance. Therefore, ensuring dignified and integrated aging requires public policies that facilitate access to supervised exercise programs.