Incidência de casos de hipertensão em idosos no Município de Goiânia - Go entre 2010 a 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among older adults and represents a major public health problem due to its cardiovascular complications and impact on healthcare services. Regular physical activity is recognized as one of the main non-pharmacological strategies for its control. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations due to primary hypertension among older adults in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 2011 and 2025, and to evaluate its relationship with physical activity indicators. Materials and Methods: This retrospective ecological and quantitative study was conducted using secondary data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), Vigitel, and official documents related to public health promotion policies. Hospitalizations due to primary hypertension (ICD-10 I10), hospital expenditures, physical activity indicators, and actions aimed at encouraging physical exercise were analyzed. Results: A reduction in hospitalizations was observed throughout the study period, decreasing from 229 cases in 2011 to 11 cases in 2025. The highest frequencies occurred among women and individuals aged 60 to 69 years. Leisure-time physical activity showed a strong negative correlation with hospitalizations (r = -0.755; p = 0.007), whereas insufficient physical activity showed a positive correlation (r = 0.678; p = 0.022). In parallel, there was an expansion of public health promotion policies, strengthening of Primary Health Care, expansion of the Health Academy Program, and growth of infrastructure dedicated to physical activity in the municipality and the state. Conclusion: Higher levels of physical activity were associated with a reduction in hospitalizations due to primary hypertension among older adults. The findings also suggest that the expansion of health promotion actions and access to spaces for physical exercise may have contributed to this scenario, reinforcing the importance of integrated strategies for the prevention and control of arterial hypertension.