Biomarcadores como indicadores de prognóstico em Pacientes com câncer de mama submetidos à quimioterapia: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the role of biomarkers as prognostic indicators in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment, highlighting their importance in assessing disease progression, therapeutic response, and supporting more individualized clinical decision-making. Methodology: This study consists of an integrative literature review conducted through the analysis of scientific studies published in national and international databases. The search strategy was carried out using specific descriptors and Boolean operators, applying previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. To ensure the methodological quality of the selected studies, critical appraisal tools and evidence classification methods were employe. Results: Hematological, tumor, molecular, and hormonal receptor b omarkers were evaluated, including NLR, PLR, LMR, ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, CA 15-3, CEA, CTCs, miRNAs, PD-L1, Oncotype DX, and PAM50. The analyzed studies demonstrated that alterations in these biomarkers are associated with tumor progression, increased risk of recurrence and metastasis, poorer response to chemotherapy, and reduced overall and disease-free survival. Elevated NLR was highlighted as one of the biomarkers most consistently associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: The evaluated biomarkers have the potential to assist in prognostic stratification, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment individualization. Furthermore, they represent rapid, accessible, and cost-effective methods, contributing to more precise and personalized care for patients with breast cancer.