Manejo odontológico da gestante: bases fisiopatológicas, periodontais e farmacológicas para um protocolo clínico baseado em evidências

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy promotes physiological changes that directly affect oral health and influence dental clinical practice. Despite scientific advances, doubts and misconceptions regarding dental care during pregnancy still persist. Understanding maternal adaptations and their periodontal and pharmacological implications is essential to provide safe, evidence-based dental treatment. Objectives: To analyze the physiopathological, periodontal, and pharmacological bases related to the dental management of pregnant women, emphasizing safe clinical practices supported by scientific evidence. Methodology: This study consists of a narrative literature review based on the analysis of scientific articles, clinical guidelines, and reference works in the fields of Periodontology, Pharmacology, and Obstetrics. Results: The studies demonstrate that the hormonal, cardiovascular, and immunological changes occurring during pregnancy may intensify gingival inflammatory manifestations without modifying the etiological role of bacterial biofilm. It was verified that dental treatment can be safely performed during pregnancy when based on proper clinical assessment. Furthermore, the selection of anesthetics, analgesics, and antibiotics should consider the gestational trimester, maternal systemic conditions, and potential fetal effects. Conclusion: Dental management of pregnant women should prioritize infection control, understanding of physiological changes during pregnancy, and the rational use of medications, contributing to maternal-fetal health promotion and safe dental care.