Endometrite - prevalência e fatores de risco de éguas em idade reprodutiva

Abstract

Knowledge of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of mares is essential for improving reproductive management. In this context, endometritis stands out as one of the main reproductive diseases in mares, compromising fertility and reducing pregnancy rates. It is a multifactorial condition triggered by the presence of seminal plasma, spermatozoa, proteins, and microorganisms present in semen, in addition to opportunistic bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to conduct a literature review in order to understand the prevalence of endometritis in mares of reproductive age and the main risk factors associated with the development of the disease, expanding the understanding of its impacts on reproductive efficiency and uterine health. The study addresses pathophysiological factors related to artificial insemination, natural mating, and anatomical alterations that predispose mares to the disease. The bibliographic survey was carried out using the PubVet, SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, including articles published in portuguese and English. The review also discusses the main etiological agents, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches available, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of uterine health to reduce economic losses and preserve mare fertility.