Dermatofitose bovina: aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos

Abstract

Introduction: Bovine dermatophytosis is a highly contagious cutaneous mycosis that generates significant sanitary and economic impacts on livestock, while also having great relevance to public health. Objective: To review and discuss the main etiological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects related to this disease. Methodology: A qualitative research consisting of an integrative literature review was conducted between August and November 2025 in the SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Thirteen articles published between 2003 and 2025 were selected, merging the national epidemiological reality with international biological and zoonotic support. Results: The fungus Trichophyton verrucosum is the predominant etiological agent, with infection peaks associated with humidity and animal overcrowding. The pathogen's high environmental viability and asymptomatic carriers act as silent reservoirs. Therapeutically, 10% iodine remains practical and accessible in the field, while innovative topical therapies, such as ozonated oils, demonstrate fungistatic and regenerative efficacy without generating chemical residues in meat or milk. Furthermore, the disease constitutes a severe occupational zoonosis. Conclusion: Control of dermatophytosis requires a multidisciplinary approach structured under the principles of One Health. The immediate adoption of topical therapies without residual toxicity is crucial to eliminate the source of infection in the herd, mitigating productive losses and protecting rural workers and veterinarians from the high risk of zoonotic transmission.