Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma de células escamosas oral em um centro de referência em Goiânia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm prevalent in the head and neck region, with a strong association with factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and HPV infection. It mainly affects men between the sixth and seventh decade of life, affecting areas such as the lateral border of the tongue, floor of the mouth and oropharynx. Clinically, they manifest as ulcerated lesions with an erythroleukoplastic color, with raised and hardened edges. Histologically, it is classified as well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated, with undifferentiated cases being those at highest risk of metastasis, according to WHO criteria. OBJECTIVES: identify the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with OSCC diagnosed in a reference center in the city of Goiânia. METHODOLOGY: an epidemiological survey of 11,049 medical records of patients treated between 1998 and 2023 was carried out, of which 467 had a confirmed diagnosis of OSCC. The results obtained included sex, age, histological classification, location of the neoplasm and initial diagnostic hypotheses. The clinical accuracy of dental surgeons (DCs) in diagnosis was also evaluated, considering sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. RESULTS: of the 467 patients diagnosed with OSCC, 63.6% (n=297) were male, with a higher prevalence between 58 and 84 years old. The predominant histology was the well-differentiated type (38.5%; n=180), and the most frequent location was the lateral border of the tongue (22.2%; n=104). Analysis of the clinical accuracy of the CDs revealed an accuracy rate of 71.5% (n=334), considering the initial diagnostic hypotheses. CONCLUSION: the epidemiological profile of CCEO patients treated at the reference center in Goiânia revealed a higher prevalence in males, predominantly in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The most frequent histological classification was well differentiated, and the predominant location was on the lateral edge of the tongue. Dental surgeons achieved a high rate of clinical accuracy in initial diagnostic hypotheses, reinforcing the importance of early recognition of the clinical characteristics of OSCC for quick and effective interventions.