Doença do pombo,cryptococcus neoformans: Uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. The fungus is acquired by breathing by inhaling propagules suspended in the air . Domestic pigeons (Columba livia ) are directly related to this infection , such as natural reservoir of fungus and due to the large amount of these animals in public settings , especially in places of great movement of people. Yeast resists the intestinal tract of these birds, remaining present in dried feces and may come in contact with the population, causing infections mainly in immunocompromised patients, the climatic condition can be an important fungal dispersion factor, since it is necessary as a means of survival in the presence of yeast dry feces in the environment. There are two strains of C. neoformans, C. neoformans var.neoformans (serotype A, D, and AD) and C.neoformans var. gattii ( serotype B, and C ) C. neoformans is urban ecological niche, and it is present in soil rich in bird feces ; thus becoming an opportunistic pathogen affecting immunocompromised humans. C. neoformans gattii rural ecological niche, have seasonal occurrence , their presence is related to flowering eucalyptus Both varieties exhibit tropism for the central nervous system, and variety neoformans can be isolated both in blood and urine of the patient. Have the variety gattii usually causes pulmonary manifestations , being detected in sputum . The antifungal treatment is longer in the gattii variety , the need for lung or brain surgery may occur , although the trend is to take the cure. This yeast survives in feces for several months, so many contaminated substrates can act as sources of infection for a long time. The contact with the feces of birds may be more common than it seems, so it should be carefully avoided. The virulence of the genus Cryptococcus is associated with production of proteases and oxidases and antiphagocytic properties of the capsular polysaccharide.