Análise comparativa da eficácia dos enxertos ósseos autógenos e substitutos ósseos em reabilitação com implantes dentários: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Osseointegrated implants are the most effective solution for restoring missing teeth, but in cases of significant bone loss, the use of bone grafts becomes essential. The comparison between the different types of grafts (autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic and alloplastic) reveals their properties, advantages and limitations, directly influencing the success of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the different options of bone grafts used in treatments with osseointegrated implants, evaluating their properties, advantages and limitations. We also seek to understand the influence of these grafts on the success of dental rehabilitation, providing a clear and practical approach for choosing the most appropriate material, according to the clinical needs and the patient's conditions. METHODOLOGY:THE methodology employed for this study is bibliographic, exploratory, descriptive, and integrative analysis, with searches conducted in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences) databases.Results: The autogenous bone graft is biologically considered the standard for comparison with other methodologies for bone augmentation and remains the most used material for correcting acquired or congenital skeletal defects.CONCLUSION:The autogenous bone graft remains the gold standard for bone reconstruction in dental implants due to its regenerative properties. However, it has limitations, such as higher morbidity and restricted bone volume. Bone substitutes, such as allogenic, xenogenic, and alloplastic grafts, have shown promising results, offering advantages like lower morbidity and good biocompatibility, although they do not possess osteogenic properties. The choice of material should be individualized, considering the patient's conditions and the type of bone defect, with the combination of materials being an effective strategy.