Eficácia de métodos de identificação por dna em amostras degradadas de sangue, saliva e outros fluidos corporais: protocolos forenses modernos e desafios

Abstract

Objective: to analyze DNA identification methods applied to samples of blood, saliva and other degraded body fluids. Methodology: integrative literature review with a qualitative and descriptive approach, structured following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: indicate that techniques such as mini STR and qPCR are more effective in analyzing degraded samples, surpassing conventional PCR. The literature highlights technological advances in the recovery and identification of DNA, especially from blood and saliva samples, considering different environmental conditions. Conclusion: techniques such as mini STR and qPCR demonstrated greater efficiency in the analysis of degraded samples, although there are still gaps related to environmental degradation, which make conclusive results difficult. The role of forensic biomedical experts is fundamental in the validation and standardization of protocols, in addition to future research aimed at overcoming environmental challenges, in order to ensure greater precision and reliability in criminal investigations.