Anemia na gravidez: prevalência, fatores de risco e implicações para a saúde materna e fetal

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and implications of anemia during pregnancy for maternal and fetal health. Methodology: Integrative literature review, with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Results: Indicate a high prevalence of gestational anemia, varying according to studies. The review revealed that iron deficiency anemia is related to nutritional and social risk factors, and its early detection is essential to avoid maternal and infant complications. The articles also highlight the need for prevention strategies, adequate laboratory diagnosis, and treatment, such as iron supplementation, mainly intravenously, to reduce adverse impacts during pregnancy. Final considerations: Anemia in pregnancy constitutes a relevant public health problem, whose prevalence is related to nutritional, social, and access to health services factors. Early detection, adequate management, and the implementation of effective public policies, including iron supplementation and attention to risk factors, are essential to reduce maternal and infant complications associated with iron deficiency anemia.