Diagnóstico e tratamento da peri-implantite: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Dental implants are widely used to restore the function and aesthetics of teeth. However, peri-implantitis, an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, can occur due to factors such as poor hygiene, bacteria, and mechanical overload, with biofilm being the main cause. This condition can lead to inflammation, bone loss, implant mobility, and other symptoms such as bad breath and purulent secretion. Objective: The objective is to characterize the etiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, highlighting the risk factors and

deepening the understanding of the causative agents of the disease. Peri- implantitis is mainly triggered by bacteria present in the biofilm, which stimulate

an inflammatory response in the tissues surrounding the implant, leading to bone loss. In addition to microbiological aspects, immunological and histopathological mechanisms explain how inflammation sets in and progresses. Factors such as inadequate hygiene, smoking, and systemic conditions such as diabetes, in addition to specific characteristics of the implant, increase the predisposition to the disease. Methodology: This is an exploratory and descriptive study, conducted through a literature review. The following keywords were used in the searches performed on the PubMed database: peri-implantitis, periodontal disease, bone, biofilm. Expected results: This study is expected to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment selection process for dentists, as well as better planning in cases of peri-implantitis. Conclusion: Among the factors analyzed, systemic conditions and patient habits, such as diabetes, heart disease, hypothyroidism, and especially smoking, impair osseointegration and implant healing by interfering with blood flow and bone density. Regarding peri-implantitis in implants already in function, the accumulation of biofilm is the main factor for the onset of the disease.