Avaliação comparativa de técnicas dos preparos dentários: conservadores versus invasivos e suas implicações clínicas – revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive dentistry has gained prominence for prioritizing the preservation of biological tissues, offering several clinical benefits. This approach improves adhesion to enamel, reduces the risk of fractures and prolongs the longevity of treatments, in addition to minimizing postoperative sensitivity. However, insufficient or inadequate preparation can cause gingival inflammation and compromise the stability and aesthetics of restorations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the clinical implications of different types of tooth preparation, focusing on minimally invasive dentistry. The benefits in preserving tooth structure, the impacts of adhesion to enamel, the risks of fractures and the clinical effects of conservative versus invasive tooth preparations will be evaluated. METHODOLOGY: An integrative literature review was performed in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO. Thirty-seven articles were selected between 2000 and 2024, with specific criteria that included relevant and reliable studies on dental preparations and their clinical implications. RESULTS: This literature review revealed that conservative preparations offer important advantages, such as longer-lasting adhesion and lower risk of fractures compared to invasive preparations. However, insufficient preparations can cause overcontouring and gingival inflammation. Clinical cases and longitudinal studies indicate that minimally invasive restorations have satisfactory success rates and longevity. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Minimally invasive techniques are effective in preserving tooth structure and promote a high rate of clinical success, when well indicated. Future studies are recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of these techniques. It is concluded that the minimally invasive approach is promising in restorative dentistry, as long as it is used based on rigorous criteria.