Complicações pós cirúrgicas de extração de terceiros molares: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Third molar extraction is the most common surgical procedure in dental practice. Although these surgical procedures are well-established, the difficulty of removal and the prevalence of postoperative complications vary depending on the complexity of the case. OBJECTIVE: To review, through literature analysis, the main postoperative complications associated with third molar extraction. METHODOLOGY: This is a bibliographic, exploratory study conducted through a literature review. The databases consulted were the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), covering the period from 2015 to 2024. RESULTS: According to the scientific literature, the main postoperative complications related to third molar extraction include trismus, oroantral communication, local infection, alveolitis, postoperative pain, edema, fracture of the maxillary tuberosity, mandibular fracture, nerve injury, dry socket, hemorrhage, hematoma, and dehiscence. The occurrence of these complications can be minimized with proper preoperative planning and the use of appropriate surgical techniques. Studies indicate a higher prevalence of complications in female patients over 30 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Third molar extraction can lead to complications that negatively impact the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial for the surgeon to carry out thorough planning, be knowledgeable about the appropriate surgical techniques, and request the necessary preoperative examinations to prevent postoperative complications.