Manifestações bucais da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro – uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment for patients with both malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. A significant complication of this procedure is Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD), which occurs when the transplanted cells attack the recipient’s tissues, leading to severe clinical manifestations, which can be either acute or chronic. This study aims to analyze the incidence of oral clinical manifestations of GVHD in patients undergoing HSCT, highlighting the crucial role of the dentist in early diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To emphasize the importance of the dentist within a multidisciplinary team regarding GVHD and to demonstrate the main oral manifestations of the disease. METHODOLOGY: The research was conducted through a literature review based on scientific articles published since 2014, obtained from databases such as PubMed and Scielo. The methodology included a critical analysis of studies on the oral symptoms of GVHD. RESULTS: The findings indicate that up to 70% of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT develop GVHD, with approximately 80% presenting oral manifestations, particularly xerostomia and lichen planus. These oral complications are often initially detected by dentists, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that GVHD is one of the most severe complications after allogeneic HSCT, impacting patients' quality of life. Early diagnosis by dentists can improve prognosis and management of the condition, reinforcing the need for multidisciplinary follow-up to reduce complications and improve patients' quality of life. KEYWORDS: Graft vs host disease;