Parestesia após exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Third molar extraction is a surgery frequently performed by dental surgeons, and inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia is a complication that is frequently observed. Some procedures can be carried out to prevent this situation from occurring, and in cases where this situation is unavoidable, there is still, in most cases, the possibility of reversal through safe and effective treatments. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to carry out a review of the literature, gathering information that helps in the prevention and treatment of paresthesia after extraction of lower third molars. METHODOLOGY: This work is a bibliographical review, where several studies were searched on platforms such as Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, LILACS and VHL, using terms such as paresthesia, third molar extraction and inferior alveolar nerve. During a period of 5 months of research, 21 studies were selected, all published within 10 years, on which this work is based. RESULTS: Several ways were found to prevent or treat inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia. Preoperatively, a thorough approach to anamnesis, careful analysis of imaging exams such as panoramic scans and tomography and, finally, precise surgical planning are fundamental to preventing this complication. During the procedure, it may be necessary to use surgical techniques such as odontoseccion, osteotomy and coronectomy, to facilitate the removal of the tooth without putting the integrity of the nerve at risk. Finally, if paresthesia cannot be avoided, there are currently several therapeutic proposals to reverse the situation. The most prominent techniques are laser therapy and drug therapy, and, in more serious cases, the best option may be surgical intervention. Acupuncture, physiotherapy and electrical stimulation can act as adjuvants to treatment. CONCLUSION or FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Despite the possibility of numerous therapies, prevention will always be the best option.