Aplicabilidade do autotransplante dentário na prática clínica: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Autotransplantation of teeth is a surgical technique of rehabilitation defined as the transposition of a tooth from its original socket to another that has recently been extracted or surgically prepared tooth, in the same individual. OBJECTIVES: Analyze the current applicability of tooth autotransplantation in the clinical context with emphasis on possible indications and contraindications. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective observational study. A search will be carried out in the databases of SCIELO, PUBMED platforms, and books from the institution's digital library, relevant to the topic for subsequent literature review. RESULTS: Autotransplantation is applied in cases of agenesis, non-restorable teeth, root and crown fractures, ectopic and supernumerary teeth. Predictors of success are the patient's age associated with the level of rhizogenesis of the donor tooth, good general health and oral hygiene. Advantages such as maintenance of pulp vitality, proprioception and maintenance of periodontal tissues are exclusive to rehabilitation with autotransplantation. The technique is contraindicated in cases where the tooth can be rehabilitated, when there are discrepant dimensions of the recipient bed and the donor tooth, reduced bone support, high caries rate, and cases where the tooth cannot be extracted atraumatically.FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Autotransplantation is considered a treatment option that requires careful indication to have a predictable prognosis. It can be indicated for adult and young patients since revascularization of the donated tooth is only expected when rhizogenesis is not complete, whereas transplanted teeth with a closed apex do not revascularize, making endodontic treatment mandatory. Autotransplantation is a good option for the rehabilitation of missing teeth, but little used, due to difficulty in execution, specificity of indication and little disclosure.