Energia escura e o papel dos buracos negros na evolução do universo: Vácuo Quântico e Gravidade

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The revolutionary theory proposes that dark energy arises from largescale gravitational interactions between matter and gravity, establishing a cosmic dynamic of majestic proportions. As a result of these interactions, dark energy exerts a repulsive force on matter, driving an accelerated expansion of the universe over time. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to understand, through an experimental study, dark energy and the role of black holes in the evolution of the universe, using quantum vacuum and gravity. METHODOLOGY: This is an experimental study, carried out at the Centro Universitário Goyazes on dark energy and the role of black holes in the evolution of the universe, using quantum vacuum and gravity. Experiments included the Casimir effect, Hawking radiation, Van der Waals forces and hot plasma. In addition, bibliographical research was used to carry out the introduction and discussion of this work. Data collection took place in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Google Scholar. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that, based on the understanding of the relationship between dark energy and the emerging properties of various physical phenomena, it is proposed that dark energy is responsible for the formation of black holes. According to string theory, dark energy is a fundamental property of space-time, which directly influences interactions between

particles. It acts as a negative pressure in the quantum vacuum, affecting the structure of space- time and creating a repulsive gravitational field. When the energy density becomes high enough,

this repulsive gravitational field prevents any objects or information from escaping, thus creating what we call an event horizon and a black hole. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Given the study presented, the four experiments described transcend the frontiers of scientific knowledge, providing deep insights into the properties of the quantum vacuum and its intricate relationship with dark energy. Through the detailed observation of phenomena such as the attraction between metallic plates, the radiation emitted by miniature black holes, the van der Waals force between graphene molecules and the dynamics of hot plasma, it was possible to investigate the fluctuations of the quantum vacuum and their implications in the physics of the universe.