Efeitos adversos provocados pelos géis clareadores e principais técnicas utilizadas para a redução da sensibilidade dental pós-clareamento: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tooth whitening is an aesthetic treatment that is highly sought after by individuals who want to improve the appearance of their smile. It is a safe, effective and low-cost technique. Despite its effectiveness, tooth whitening can result in some side effects, with tooth sensitivity (SD) being the most reported by patients. OBJECTIVE: analyze based on a review of the scientific literature about the main adverse effects caused by tooth bleaching and present the main techniques and procedures that reduce or eliminate these effects. METHODOLOGY: This is a bibliographical, exploratory study carried out through a literature review. The following virtual health databases were used: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Information System on Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo ), from 2014 to 2023. RESULTS: Most studies pointed to DS as one of the main adverse effects caused in the dental pulp after tooth bleaching. In addition to DS, other effects were mentioned, such as surface roughness, intense inflammation, macrophage migration, pulp damage, pulpitis and superficial necrosis, oxidative stress both in gingival fibroblasts and in pulp cells, enamel demineralization, tissue inflammation. And the main techniques and procedures that reduce or eliminate the side effects caused by whitening were: 10% sodium fluoride, fluoride applications with a concentration of 2%, agents such as potassium nitrate, fluorides, use of low intensity laser. It was also recommended the addition of different desensitizers to whitening gels, the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatories and other remineralizing solutions that may favor a positive balance for remineralization. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex induces less staining immediately after bleaching, 10% sodium bicarbonate. These agents act as neutralizers and can help to quickly alleviate the adverse events caused by tooth whitening. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Given the above, as tooth bleaching causes adverse effects on the dental pulp, it is important to have knowledge of techniques for desensitization during in-office bleaching based on scientific evidence so that quality and safe dental care can be promoted.