Manejo odontológico ao paciente autista: indicações e vantagens da anestesia geral - revisão de literatura integrativa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects development and is manifested by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as by repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Due to the particularities of patients with ASD, dental care can present additional challenges. These patients may have difficulty understanding the dentist's instructions, experience anxiety and discomfort during procedures, which may hinder or even prevent the proposed treatment (PARK et al., 2022). In addition, these individuals may be more susceptible to oral diseases. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate when the use of balanced general anesthesia is necessary in the dental management of autistic patients and its advantages, through an integrative literature review. METHODOLOGY: This work was conducted through a basic strategic research with descriptive objective, qualitative approach, hypothetical deductive method and bibliographic procedure. The research focused on the indications and benefits of general anesthesia in the dental management of autistic patients. To support the construction of this study, the databases PUBMED, MEDLINE,BVS and Scielo were used. RESULTS: The results of the study showed a significant reduction in the patients' anxiety and stress, providing a more peaceful and predictableenvironment during treatment. This made it possible to perform multiple and more complex procedures in a single visit, avoiding the need for multiple visits to the dentist.Compared to other approaches such as local anesthesia and conscious sedation, balanced general anesthesia had significant advantages for uncooperative autistic patients. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is concluded that balanced general anesthesia is an effective and safe approach in the dental management of autistic patients.