Manifestações orais associadas a infecção pelo hiv em fase de crise (aids)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The oral cavity is an important source of information for the diagnosis of HIV infection and the prognosis of AIDS, as this population may present oral manifestations associated with the condition. These manifestations are mostly identified by dentists. OBJECTIVES: Identify the main oral manifestations that affect people with HIV/AIDS and the related risk factors, in addition to identifying the main behaviors of dentists in the face of them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a literature review, in the databases of PubMed, Lilacs and Medline, in the last five years, on the main oral manifestations that affect patients with HIV/AIDS and the dentalconduct in such cases. LITERATURE REVIEW: We found 12 articles on the subject, 58.33% located in the PubMed database, 33.33% in Lilacs and 8.34% in MedLine. 30.33% of the studies were published in the year 2021, followed by the second half ofthe year 2018 (25%) and 2020 (25%). The most prevalent oral manifestation among the population living with HIV/AIDS was oral candidiasis. The main risk factors identified by the studies, in addition to immunosuppression related to AIDS, were alcoholism, smoking, pregnancy, prolonged use of antibiotics, in addition to behavioral, socioeconomic factors and difficulty in accessing health services. Being the dental surgeon, the professional who is in charge of diagnosing these lesions, it is of paramount importance to have adequate knowledge about the forms of HIV transmission, the main oral manifestations, in addition to knowing the available treatments and recognizing the preventive actions that can be taken. performed to reduce morbidity from such manifestations. DISCUSSION: The main oral manifestations identified were oral candidiasis, dental caries, periodontitis, angular cheitis, hairy leukoplakia and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Neoplastic lesions such as oral Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were not detected. Thestudies were unanimous when they pointed out that one of the main risk factors for the appearance of the aforementioned lesions was the decrease in the count of CD4 T lymphocytes and, consequently, the advancement of the sexually transmitted infection (IST). CONCLUSION: It is extremely important to invest in the knowledge of the oral manifestations associated with HIV/AIDS and for that, dentists must be able not only to treat them, but also to prevent them, detecting them early and managing them assertively and, for that, the The performance of these professionals should cover the patient as a whole, in a holistic way.