Carcinoma verrucoso oral: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck neoplasms have a high incidence, prevalence and mortality rate, thus representing a serious public health problem. Among these neoplasms, squamous cell carcinomas are the most frequent, corresponding to about 95% of cases. Oral verrucous carcinoma (VC), a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, represents approximately 2-12% of all oral carcinomas, affecting more males over 65 years of age. The VC has as etiological factors smoking, alcoholism, chewing areca nut and oral microbiota. Clinically, it presents slow exophytic growth, cauliflower-like verrucous lesions, expansive evolution and rare metastases. OBJECTIVES: Report, through a literature review, relevant information about CV from etiology to forms of treatment. METHODOLOGY: This is a study that consists of providing more information about this rare variant of SCC carried out through a literature review. Articles on the subject were searched in the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. The keywords used were Verrucous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma. The title and abstract were read, and those with information on prevalence, treatment, and outcomes were read in full. RESULTS: The review of the data collected showed that the prevalence of VC occurs in males aged over 60 years, who practice deleterious habits, such as smoking and chewing tobacco. Among the general, clinical and histopathological characteristics are: verrucous lesion, progressive and slow growth, good prognosis, expansive evolution and good cell differentiation, presence of papule or verrucous plaque, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, verrucous acanthosis, mitoses and dyskeratotic cells. There are several treatments, however, the most indicated is surgical excision. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: VC typically presents as an exophytic lesion, with a papillary surface and a verrucous appearance. It is important to follow up potentially malignant lesions, in order to understand the clinical characteristics, development and behavior and, consequently, a better prognosis. The most indicated treatment, reported in most studies, is surgical excision with safety margins, and the lesion has, in general, a good prognosis.