Relação da episiotomia com a incidência de incontinência urinária em mulheres jovens: revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Normal delivery happens when the baby is born through the vagina, non-surgically and a natural act, if everything is fine with the mother and the child, childbirth is a physiological process that requires little medical intervention. It is a process that can last a few hours about 13 to 16 hours on average, being divided into four distinct phases. Failure to comply with these phases leads to interference such as episiotomy, which is a surgical practice that involves enlarging the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening during labor. This can be classified into types: median episiotomy (ME) and mediolateral episiotomy (MLE). The median (EM) and in terms of impairment: 1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree and 4th degree, leading to complications such as

urinary incontinence, for example, thus causing psychosocial impact, deficit in self- esteem and sexual function. OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is a beginning of

urinary incontinence as a result of episiotomy in young women. METHODOLOGY: It is a bibliographic review, through searches carried out in databases such as: (SciELO) Scientific Electronic Library Online, (BVS) Virtual Health Library, (LILACS) Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) Health Science Descriptors, Books and journals. The main objective of this study was to find out whether there is a beginning of urinary incontinence as a result of an episiotomy episode in young women. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria were articles that did not correspond to the subject studied, those that were published prior to the year 2013. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: studies carried out reveal that low education is related to a greater index of episiotomy, but there was affirmation of that unnecessary interventions in labor and delivery are widespread in low-, middle-, and high-income settings, often straining resources and widening the equity gap. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is concluded that Episiotomy is still routinely applied in clinical practices during normal labor. There is little knowledge, mainly of young primiparous women, who are physically and psychologically affected. In addition, there is no evidence that the procedure brings benefits to either the parturient woman or the fetus.