Efeitos hipotensores de exercícios resistidos e aeróbicos em hipertensos - uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: We are living in an era where a sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism, smoking, excessive consumption of sodium, and stress have become increasingly common in the routine of Brazilians. These habits can cause several damages to our health and may lead to diseases such as hypertension, which is defined by the World Health Organization as an abnormal increase in systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure in the arteries. The control of this disease is associated with pharmacological treatments and lifestyle changes. There are non-pharmacological therapeutic resources that can bring positive hypotensive effects to the control of the pathology such as post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which can be described as a decrease in blood pressure below resting values and may occur for minutes or even hours after an exercise session. This effect can be achieved through two types of activities: aerobic exercises, which use oxygen as the main source of energy and are performed continuously; and resistance exercises, which are performed against a given resistance and can be performed without increases or decreases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the state of the art on the subject, what the current literature says, since it is a literature review on the physiological effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise in hypertensive patients. METHODOLOGY: This is a literature review whose information was obtained from searches in databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, PEDRO and printed books. Articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were selected, 246 articles were identified, 60 were analyzed and of these only 26 were selected for the development of this research. Using scientific articles recently published in the last 10 years (2011-2021). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Physical exercise, which is highly effective in controlling pressure for hypertensive individuals, causes postexercise hypotension, and is an excellent non-pharmacological treatment option, minimizing arterial hypertension.