Análise do desenvolvimento motor em crianças com síndrome de DOWN: contribuições da fisioterapia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal chromosomal abnormality associated with chromosome 21 trisomy. Children with Down syndrome have delays in motor development, reduced brain size, disorders of brain maturation and pathophysiological processes that lead to delayed motor development. The structure and function of the brain can influence the development of mental and motor skills. OBJECTIVE: To understand the importance and purpose of physical therapy intervention in motor development in children with Down Syndrome (DS). METHODOLOGY: This is a bibliographic, exploratory study carried out through a literature review. Data were collected from searches in virtual health databases, at the Virtual Health Library - VHL. To access the databases, specific descriptors were used, such as: physical therapy intervention, motor development, children, Down syndrome. RESULTS: Physiotherapeutic interventions are designed to address the needs of each patient, especially those who have problems with frequent postural adjustments in DS, such as motor delays, especially sitting and standing. Thus, it is proposed by physiotherapy to carry out gait training, transpostural changes, static and dynamic balance through specific techniques and resources on the ground. The main results found are that children with DS who undergo physical therapy can present better static and dynamic balance in their motor development. Thus, physical therapy has a positive contribution to the acquisition of motor skills and static and dynamic balance in patients with DS. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The physiotherapist through his intervention can train the gait, promote transpostural changes, static and dynamic balance through the techniques and resources characteristic on the ground. It has been shown that physical therapy intervention, when provided early, helps to reduce the motor delay in crawling in these children and to favor development.