A terapia ocupacional e a evolução histórica das doenças câncer e hiv no contexto dos cuidados paliativos

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cancer and HIV, known for millennia, were historically seen as curses, but in the 20th century there were significant advances in identifying causative agents and developing treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Public health policies have also evolved, driven by social pressure and the fight for patients' rights. Occupational Therapy, included in palliative care for people with cancer and HIV, becomes a tool of resistance, addressing the stigmas and challenges associated with these diseases. This practice prioritizes human dignity and quality of life, recognizing that care goes beyond the treatment of symptoms, focusing on autonomy and appreciation of life. Therefore, it is essential that healthcare professionals act as agents of change, breaking down barriers and respecting each life story. OBJECTIVES: Analyze the role of Occupational Therapy with an approach focused on alleviating the suffering of patients affected by cancer and/or HIV, in Palliative Care. METHODOLOGY: This study is a bibliographical research with online data analysis, focusing on sources relevant to the topic. Databases such as SciELO, PubMed, and websites from the Ministry of Health and WHO were consulted to obtain relevant data. RESULTS: Occupational Therapy plays a crucial role in palliative care, contributing to maintaining the patient's quality of life, well-being and autonomy, even in advanced stages of serious illnesses, such as cancer and HIV. The occupational therapist's role aims to preserve the patient's independence, helping them to carry out meaningful activities that respect their values and desires, promoting person-centered care. CONCLUSION: Palliative Care (PC) plays a fundamental role in promoting the quality of life and alleviating the suffering of patients with serious illnesses in advanced stages, such as cancer and HIV.